According to Holton, what factor typically leads to greater resistance during change?

Greater resistance during change is often associated with ambiguity. When individuals are faced with unclear expectations, uncertain outcomes, or a lack of information, they may feel threatened or anxious about the changes being implemented. This uncertainty can lead to anxiety regarding one's role or the future direction of the organization, causing individuals to cling to the familiar rather than embracing the unknown aspects of change.

In contrast, when change is introduced with clarity about what is expected and the anticipated outcomes, stakeholders are more likely to feel secure and supported, reducing resistance. Thus, ambiguity not only creates a psychological barrier but also makes it difficult for individuals to align with the change initiative, leading to heightened resistance overall.