Victor H. Vroom is primarily associated with which theory?

Victor H. Vroom is primarily associated with Expectancy Theory, which focuses on the thought processes that individuals go through when making decisions regarding various behavioral alternatives. Expectancy Theory posits that people are motivated to act in a certain way based on the expected outcomes of their actions. It emphasizes three key components: expectancy (the belief that one's effort will lead to the desired performance), instrumentality (the belief that good performance will lead to a specific outcome), and valence (the value an individual places on the expected outcome).

This theory provides a comprehensive framework for understanding motivation in the workplace, as it integrates personal expectations and perceived value into the motivation process. By demonstrating how individuals assess the potential benefits of their actions, Expectancy Theory helps in predicting motivation levels and influences management practices aimed at enhancing employee performance.

In contrast, the other theories listed focus on different aspects of motivation and worker satisfaction. The Motivation-Hygiene Theory, developed by Frederick Herzberg, distinguishes between factors that lead to job satisfaction and those that prevent dissatisfaction, rather than focusing on the decision-making process behind actions. Equity Theory, formulated by John Stacey Adams, centers around fairness and balance in the workplace, emphasizing how individuals perceive their input-to-output ratio in comparison to others. The